Starting with a brief historical overview of the procedural status of individuals, both natural and legal, before the international judge, the speaker will address the conditions of access to the European court, highlighting the opportunities, but also the obstacles to effective justice in light of today's living conditions.

His extensive judicial experience will allow him to explore the differences in the right of individual action. In particular, a comparative, rather than juxtaposed, approach will enable him to highlight the principle of subsidiarity on the part of the Strasbourg Court and the role of the General Court of the European Union, a key jurisdiction for ensuring respect for human rights by the institutions, bodies, and agencies of the European Union.

Dean Spielmann served as a judge at the General Court of the European Union from 2016 to 2025, where he was President of the First Chamber. Since 2025, he has been an Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union. He is the author of numerous publications.